Cómo localizar a um espía
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58960/rbi.2023.18.236Palabras clave:
contraespionaje; espionaje; estudio de caso.Resumen
El espionaje se utiliza para obtener información que apoye el proceso de toma de decisiones del estado. Los Estados practican la contrainteligencia para proteger sus secretos. Se presentan brevemente tres casos distintos de espionaje (Ana Montes, Brian Regan y los Ilegales). Estos son un caso de infiltración individual, un caso de empleado descontento y un caso de red de espionaje. A pesar de ser muy diferentes, los tres casos tienen en común el hecho de que fueron descubiertos en base a información proporcionada por una fuente reclutada de la agencia de inteligencia contraria. El ensayo analiza la contrainteligencia ofensiva y concluye que la contrainteligencia efectiva requiere un esfuerzo para reclutar fuentes en las organizaciones de inteligencia opuestas.
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BAGLEY, Tennent H. Ghosts of the Spy Wars: A Personal Reminder to Interested Parties. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, Londres, Taylor and Francis v. 28, n. 1, p. 1-37, 2015. Disponível em: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2014.962362. Acesso em: 10 dez. 2020.
BAUER, Deborah Susan. Marianne is Watching: Knowledge, Secrecy, Intelligence and the Origins of the French Surveillance State (1870–1914). 2013. Tese (Doutorado em História) – University of California, 2013. Disponível em: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rt4z6js. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2023
BHATTACHARJEE, Y. How the FBI tracked down 'the spy who couldn't spell'. CNN. 1 Nov. 2019. Disponível em: https://edition.cnn.com/2019/11/01/us/declassified-the-spy-who-couldnt-spell/index.html. Acesso em: 24 jul. 2021.
BHATTACHARJEE, Y. The spy who couldn’t spell: how the biggest heist in the history of US espionage was foiled. The Guardian. 16 out. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/26/spy-couldnt-spell-how-biggest-heists-us-espionage-history-foiled. Acesso em: 24 jul. 2021.
BOUDREAUX, R. Busted Russian Spy Wants Old Life Back. The Wall Street Journal, Nova York, 7 ago. 2010. Disponível em: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703309704575413600124475346. Acesso em: 10 dez. 2020.
CARMICHAEL, Scott True Believer: Inside the Investigation and Capture of Ana Montes, Cuba's Master Spy. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2007 apud ANA Montes. In: WIKIPÉDIA: a enciclopédia livre. Disponível em: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Montes. Acesso em: 5 abr. 2021.
CHRISTENSEN, C. Review of The Spy Who Couldn’t Spell by Yudhijit Bhattacharjee, Cryptologia, Londres: Taylor and Francis, 43: 1, 65-68.
COUNTERESPIONAGE. In. REAGAN, L. M. (Ed.). Counterintelligence Glossary -- Terms & Definitions of Interest for CI Professionals. United States Department of Defense. 2014, p. 54. Disponível em: https://fas.org/irp/eprint/ci-glossary.pdf. Acesso em: 17 dez. 2020.
DE LA COVA, A. Review of Carmichael, S. W. True Believer: Inside the Investigation and Capture of Ana Montes, Cuba's Master-Spy. History Reviews of New Books, Londres, v. 35, n. 3, p. 106, 2007. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284724926_Review_of_Scott_W_Carmichael's_True_Believer_Inside_the_Investigation_and_Capture_of_Ana_Montes_Cuba's_Master_Spy. Acesso em: 5 abr. 2021.
DEFENSE PERSONNEL AND SECURITY RESEARCH CENTER. Defense Human Resources Activity. Espionage and Other Compromises of National Security 1975-2008. 2008. Disponível em: https://www.dhra.mil/PERSEREC/Espionage-Cases .Acesso em: 25 jul. 2021.
DEFENSIVE Counterintelligence Activities. In. REAGAN, L. M. (Ed.). Counterintelligence Glossary -- Terms & Definitions of Interest for CI Professionals. United States Department of Defense. 2014, p. 114. Disponível em: https://fas.org/irp/eprint/ci-glossary.pdf. Acesso em: 17 dez. 2020.
DID Russian spy get close to infiltrating Hillary Clinton's inner circle? FBI warns of 'new breed' of Moscow agents. The Daily Mail, Londres, 1º nov. 2011. Disponível em: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2056301/Did-Russian-spy-close-infiltrating-Hillary-Clintons-inner-circle.html. Acesso em: 17 dez. 2020.
EFTIMIADES, Nicholas. On the Question of Chinese Espionage. Brown. Journal of World Affairs, Providence, v. 26, n. 1, p. 125-142. .2019. Disponível em: https://bjwa.brown.edu/26-1/on-the-question-of-chinese-espionage/. Acesso em: 21 abr. 2022.
FAULCONBRIDGE, Guy; BADER, Heinz-Peter. Russia, U.S. swap 14 in Cold War-style spy exchange. Reuters, Londres, 9 jul. 2010. Disponível em: https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE6680KB20100709. Acesso em: 10 dez. 2020.
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION. Higher Education and National Security: The Targeting of Sensitive, Proprietary and Classified Information on Campuses of Higher Education, 2011. Disponível em: https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/higher-education-national-security.pdf/view. Acesso em: 24 jul. 2021.
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION. Brian P. Regan Espionage. Disponível em: fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/brian-p-regan-espionage. Acesso em: 24 jul. 2021.
GOLDMAM, A. US Spy Freed by Cuba Was Longtime Asset. The Washington Post, 18 dez. 2014. Disponível em: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-spy-freed-by-cuba-was-longtime-asset/2014/12/17/a3b374c4-8612-11e4-a702-fa31ff4ae98e_story.html?itid=lk_inline_manual_5. Acesso em: 24 jul. 2021.
HARBER, Justin R. Unconventional Spies: The Counterintelligence Threat from Non-State Actors. International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Londres, Taylor and Francis, v. 22, n. 2, p. 221-23, 2009. Disponível em: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850600802698200. Acesso em: 12 dez. 2020.
HULNICK, Arthur S. Espionage: Does It Have a Future in the 21st Century? Brown Journal of World Affairs, v. 11, n. 1, p. 165-73. 2004. Disponível em: https://bjwa.brown.edu/11-1/espionage-does-it-have-a-future-in-the-21-st-century/. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2023.
LUCAS, E. Deception: the untold story of East-West espionage today. 1. ed. Nova York: Walker Publishing Company, 2012, pp. 120-139.
MCCOY, T. Cuba deal reveals new clues in case of Ana Montes, ‘the most important spy you’ve never heard of’. The Washington Post, 18 dez. 2014. Disponível em: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/12/18/cuba-deal-reveals-new-clues-in-case-of-ana-montes-the-most-important-spy-youve-never-heard-of/. Acesso em: 12 dez. 2020.
MITROKHIN, Victor. KGB Lexicon: The Soviet Intelligence Officers Handbook. London: Routledge, 2002.
POPKIN, J. Ana Montes did much harm spying for Cuba. Chances are, you haven’t heard of her. The Washington Post. 18 abr. 2013. Disponível em: https://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/feature/wp/2013/04/18/ana-montes-did-much-harm-spying-for-cuba-chances-are-you-havent-heard-of-her/. Acesso em: 12 dez. 2020.
POTEEV’S case: traitor caused $ 50 million damage but could not deceive the authorities with his Ukrainian mistress. Newsru.com, Moscou, 28 jun. 2011. Disponível em: https://www.newsru.com/russia/28jun2011/poteev.html. Acesso em: 17 dez. 2020.
ROSE, S. Cold War Cuban Spies in the USA in the 1980s – The Case of Ana Montes. History is Now Magazine. 26 fev. 2019. Disponível em: http://www.historyisnowmagazine.com/blog/2019/2/24/cold-war-cuban-spies-in-the-usa-in-the-1980s-the-case-of-ana-montes#.YF-f6FVKj3g=. Acesso em: 17 dez. 2020.
SCHNEIDER, H. Treason the Easy Way. The Wall Street journal. 22 dez. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.wsj.com/articles/treason-the-easy-way-1482446149. Acesso em: 25 jul. 2021.
SULMASY, Glenn; YOO, John. Counterintuitive: Intelligence Operations and International Law. Michigan Journal of International Law, Ann Arbor, v.28 n.3, p.625-638, 2007. Disponível em: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol28/iss3/6. Acesso em: 03 abr. 2022
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. Ten Alleged Secret Agents Arrested in the United States. Justice News, 28 jun. 2010. Disponível em: https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/ten-alleged-secret-agents-arrested-united-states. Acesso em: 8 set. 2021.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. A Review of the FBI’s Progress in Responding to the Recommendations in the Office of the Inspector General Report on Robert Hanssen. 2007. Disponível em: https://oig.justice.gov/sites/default/files/archive/special/s0710/index.htm. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2021.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Southern District of New York. United States of America X "Christopher R. Metsos", "Richard Murphy", "Cynthia Murphy", "Donald Howard Heathfield”, "Tracey Lee Ann Foley", "Michael Zottoli", "Patricia Mills", "Juan Lazaro" and Vicky Pelaez. 27 de junho de 2010a. Disponível em: https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/legacy/2010/06/28/062810complaint2.pdf. Acesso em: 28 dez. 2020.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Southern District of New York. United States of America X Anna Chapman e Mikhail Semenko. 27 de junho de 2010b. Disponível em: https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/legacy/2010/06/28/062810complaint1.pdf. Acesso em: 28 dez. 2020.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. United States of America v. Brian P. Regan, No. CRIM. 01-405-A. Criminal Complaint, August, 2001a. Disponível em: https://fas.org/irp/ops/ci/regan_complaint.html. Acesso em: 25 jul. 2021.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. United States of America v. Brian P. Regan, No. CRIM. 01-405-A. Indictiment, October 23, 2001b. Disponível em: https://fas.org/irp/ops/ci/regan_indict.html. Acesso em: 25 jul. 2021.
WETTERING, Frederick L. Counterintelligence: The Broken Triad. International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, v. 13, n. 3, p. 265-300. Londres: Taylor and Francis, 2000. Disponível em: DOI: 10.1080/08850600050140607. Acesso em: 28 dez. 2020.
BAUER, Deborah Susan. Marianne is Watching: Knowledge, Secrecy, Intelligence and the Origins of the French Surveillance State (1870–1914). 2013. Tese (Doutorado em História) – University of California, 2013. Disponível em: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7rt4z6js. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2023
BHATTACHARJEE, Y. How the FBI tracked down 'the spy who couldn't spell'. CNN. 1 Nov. 2019. Disponível em: https://edition.cnn.com/2019/11/01/us/declassified-the-spy-who-couldnt-spell/index.html. Acesso em: 24 jul. 2021.
BHATTACHARJEE, Y. The spy who couldn’t spell: how the biggest heist in the history of US espionage was foiled. The Guardian. 16 out. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/26/spy-couldnt-spell-how-biggest-heists-us-espionage-history-foiled. Acesso em: 24 jul. 2021.
BOUDREAUX, R. Busted Russian Spy Wants Old Life Back. The Wall Street Journal, Nova York, 7 ago. 2010. Disponível em: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703309704575413600124475346. Acesso em: 10 dez. 2020.
CARMICHAEL, Scott True Believer: Inside the Investigation and Capture of Ana Montes, Cuba's Master Spy. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2007 apud ANA Montes. In: WIKIPÉDIA: a enciclopédia livre. Disponível em: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Montes. Acesso em: 5 abr. 2021.
CHRISTENSEN, C. Review of The Spy Who Couldn’t Spell by Yudhijit Bhattacharjee, Cryptologia, Londres: Taylor and Francis, 43: 1, 65-68.
COUNTERESPIONAGE. In. REAGAN, L. M. (Ed.). Counterintelligence Glossary -- Terms & Definitions of Interest for CI Professionals. United States Department of Defense. 2014, p. 54. Disponível em: https://fas.org/irp/eprint/ci-glossary.pdf. Acesso em: 17 dez. 2020.
DE LA COVA, A. Review of Carmichael, S. W. True Believer: Inside the Investigation and Capture of Ana Montes, Cuba's Master-Spy. History Reviews of New Books, Londres, v. 35, n. 3, p. 106, 2007. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284724926_Review_of_Scott_W_Carmichael's_True_Believer_Inside_the_Investigation_and_Capture_of_Ana_Montes_Cuba's_Master_Spy. Acesso em: 5 abr. 2021.
DEFENSE PERSONNEL AND SECURITY RESEARCH CENTER. Defense Human Resources Activity. Espionage and Other Compromises of National Security 1975-2008. 2008. Disponível em: https://www.dhra.mil/PERSEREC/Espionage-Cases .Acesso em: 25 jul. 2021.
DEFENSIVE Counterintelligence Activities. In. REAGAN, L. M. (Ed.). Counterintelligence Glossary -- Terms & Definitions of Interest for CI Professionals. United States Department of Defense. 2014, p. 114. Disponível em: https://fas.org/irp/eprint/ci-glossary.pdf. Acesso em: 17 dez. 2020.
DID Russian spy get close to infiltrating Hillary Clinton's inner circle? FBI warns of 'new breed' of Moscow agents. The Daily Mail, Londres, 1º nov. 2011. Disponível em: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2056301/Did-Russian-spy-close-infiltrating-Hillary-Clintons-inner-circle.html. Acesso em: 17 dez. 2020.
EFTIMIADES, Nicholas. On the Question of Chinese Espionage. Brown. Journal of World Affairs, Providence, v. 26, n. 1, p. 125-142. .2019. Disponível em: https://bjwa.brown.edu/26-1/on-the-question-of-chinese-espionage/. Acesso em: 21 abr. 2022.
FAULCONBRIDGE, Guy; BADER, Heinz-Peter. Russia, U.S. swap 14 in Cold War-style spy exchange. Reuters, Londres, 9 jul. 2010. Disponível em: https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE6680KB20100709. Acesso em: 10 dez. 2020.
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION. Higher Education and National Security: The Targeting of Sensitive, Proprietary and Classified Information on Campuses of Higher Education, 2011. Disponível em: https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/higher-education-national-security.pdf/view. Acesso em: 24 jul. 2021.
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION. Brian P. Regan Espionage. Disponível em: fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/brian-p-regan-espionage. Acesso em: 24 jul. 2021.
GOLDMAM, A. US Spy Freed by Cuba Was Longtime Asset. The Washington Post, 18 dez. 2014. Disponível em: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-spy-freed-by-cuba-was-longtime-asset/2014/12/17/a3b374c4-8612-11e4-a702-fa31ff4ae98e_story.html?itid=lk_inline_manual_5. Acesso em: 24 jul. 2021.
HARBER, Justin R. Unconventional Spies: The Counterintelligence Threat from Non-State Actors. International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Londres, Taylor and Francis, v. 22, n. 2, p. 221-23, 2009. Disponível em: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850600802698200. Acesso em: 12 dez. 2020.
HULNICK, Arthur S. Espionage: Does It Have a Future in the 21st Century? Brown Journal of World Affairs, v. 11, n. 1, p. 165-73. 2004. Disponível em: https://bjwa.brown.edu/11-1/espionage-does-it-have-a-future-in-the-21-st-century/. Acesso em: 13 mar. 2023.
LUCAS, E. Deception: the untold story of East-West espionage today. 1. ed. Nova York: Walker Publishing Company, 2012, pp. 120-139.
MCCOY, T. Cuba deal reveals new clues in case of Ana Montes, ‘the most important spy you’ve never heard of’. The Washington Post, 18 dez. 2014. Disponível em: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/12/18/cuba-deal-reveals-new-clues-in-case-of-ana-montes-the-most-important-spy-youve-never-heard-of/. Acesso em: 12 dez. 2020.
MITROKHIN, Victor. KGB Lexicon: The Soviet Intelligence Officers Handbook. London: Routledge, 2002.
POPKIN, J. Ana Montes did much harm spying for Cuba. Chances are, you haven’t heard of her. The Washington Post. 18 abr. 2013. Disponível em: https://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/feature/wp/2013/04/18/ana-montes-did-much-harm-spying-for-cuba-chances-are-you-havent-heard-of-her/. Acesso em: 12 dez. 2020.
POTEEV’S case: traitor caused $ 50 million damage but could not deceive the authorities with his Ukrainian mistress. Newsru.com, Moscou, 28 jun. 2011. Disponível em: https://www.newsru.com/russia/28jun2011/poteev.html. Acesso em: 17 dez. 2020.
ROSE, S. Cold War Cuban Spies in the USA in the 1980s – The Case of Ana Montes. History is Now Magazine. 26 fev. 2019. Disponível em: http://www.historyisnowmagazine.com/blog/2019/2/24/cold-war-cuban-spies-in-the-usa-in-the-1980s-the-case-of-ana-montes#.YF-f6FVKj3g=. Acesso em: 17 dez. 2020.
SCHNEIDER, H. Treason the Easy Way. The Wall Street journal. 22 dez. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.wsj.com/articles/treason-the-easy-way-1482446149. Acesso em: 25 jul. 2021.
SULMASY, Glenn; YOO, John. Counterintuitive: Intelligence Operations and International Law. Michigan Journal of International Law, Ann Arbor, v.28 n.3, p.625-638, 2007. Disponível em: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol28/iss3/6. Acesso em: 03 abr. 2022
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. Ten Alleged Secret Agents Arrested in the United States. Justice News, 28 jun. 2010. Disponível em: https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/ten-alleged-secret-agents-arrested-united-states. Acesso em: 8 set. 2021.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. A Review of the FBI’s Progress in Responding to the Recommendations in the Office of the Inspector General Report on Robert Hanssen. 2007. Disponível em: https://oig.justice.gov/sites/default/files/archive/special/s0710/index.htm. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2021.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Southern District of New York. United States of America X "Christopher R. Metsos", "Richard Murphy", "Cynthia Murphy", "Donald Howard Heathfield”, "Tracey Lee Ann Foley", "Michael Zottoli", "Patricia Mills", "Juan Lazaro" and Vicky Pelaez. 27 de junho de 2010a. Disponível em: https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/legacy/2010/06/28/062810complaint2.pdf. Acesso em: 28 dez. 2020.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Southern District of New York. United States of America X Anna Chapman e Mikhail Semenko. 27 de junho de 2010b. Disponível em: https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/legacy/2010/06/28/062810complaint1.pdf. Acesso em: 28 dez. 2020.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. United States of America v. Brian P. Regan, No. CRIM. 01-405-A. Criminal Complaint, August, 2001a. Disponível em: https://fas.org/irp/ops/ci/regan_complaint.html. Acesso em: 25 jul. 2021.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. United States of America v. Brian P. Regan, No. CRIM. 01-405-A. Indictiment, October 23, 2001b. Disponível em: https://fas.org/irp/ops/ci/regan_indict.html. Acesso em: 25 jul. 2021.
WETTERING, Frederick L. Counterintelligence: The Broken Triad. International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, v. 13, n. 3, p. 265-300. Londres: Taylor and Francis, 2000. Disponível em: DOI: 10.1080/08850600050140607. Acesso em: 28 dez. 2020.
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2023-10-27
Cómo citar
Ribeiro Pereira, Alfredo. 2023. «Cómo Localizar a Um espía». Revista Brasile``ña De Inteligencia, n.º 18 (octubre). Brasília, Brasil:269-79. https://doi.org/10.58960/rbi.2023.18.236.
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