Use of human intelligence (humanit) in peace operations

opportunities and challenges

Authors

  • Filipe Augusto da Silva
  • Rafael Rodrigo da Silva

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58960/rbi.2023.18.225

Keywords:

peacekeeping operations; Intelligence; human intelligence; Humint.

Abstract

Peacekeeping operations are implemented with the aim of helping conflict-ridden countries create the conditions for lasting peace. Given the relevance of these missions for Brazil and for contemporary international relations, this article analyzes how the Intelligence Activity, and more specifically the use of human intelligence (Humint), can help in the effective fulfillment of the UN mandate in peacekeeping operations. For this, in addition to the opportunities for action, ethical and political conflicts to be considered were explored, so that the adoption of these practices does not negatively affect the legitimacy of the missions. Considering that international security represents an essential prerequisite for national security, the strengthening of UN Intelligence structures becomes relevant. Despite technological advances, human intelligence remains a critical asset in providing information. In the context of peacekeeping operations, the UN can engage in the extensive collection of information through human intelligence to prevent and manage conflicts, provided that it maintains strict ethical principles and acts within the limits of international law.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

BRASIL. Ministério da Defesa. Política Nacional de Defesa e Estratégia Nacional de Defesa. Brasília, 2020.

BRASIL. Decreto no 8.793, de 29 de junho de 2016. Fixa a Política Nacional de Inteligência. Brasília, 2016.

BRASIL. Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil. Brasília, DF: Senado Federal: Centro Gráfico, 1988.

BERNARD, Rose; SULLIVAN, Richard. The use of HUMINT in epidemics: a practical assessment. Intelligence And National Security, v. 35, n. 4, p. 493-501, jun. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1750137

CARNEGIE, Allison; CARSON, Austin. UN Peacekeeping After the Pandemic: an increased role for intelligence. Survival, v. 63, n. 2, p. 77-83, mar. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2021.1905985

CEPIK, Marco; KUELE, Giovanna. Inteligência em Operações de Paz da ONU: déficit estratégico, reformas institucionais e desafios operacionais. Dados, Rio de Janeiro, v. 59, n. 4, p. 963-993, out. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/001152582016105

DORN, Walter; BELL, David. Intelligence and peacekeeping: the un operation in the Congo 1960-64. International Peacekeeping, v. 2, n. 1, p. 11-33, mar. 1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13533319508413535

DORN, Walter; BELL, David. Intelligence and Peacekeeping: The UN Operation in the Congo, 1960-64. In: JONG, Ben de; PLATJE, Wies; STEELE, Robert D. (org.). Peacekeeping Intelligence: emerging concepts for the future. Oakton, Virginia: OSS International Press, 2003. p. 253-280.

DORN, Walter. The Cloak and the Blue Beret: limitations on intelligence in un peacekeeping. International Journal Of Intelligence And Counterintelligence, v. 12, n. 4, p. 414-447, out. 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099304981

DORN, Walter. Intelligence-led Peacekeeping: the United Nations stabilization mission in Haiti (Minustah). Intelligence And National Security, v. 24, n. 6, p. 805-835, dez. 2009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903320410

DORN, Walter. United Nations Peacekeeping Intelligence. In: JOHNSON, Loch K. (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. p. 275-295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0017

EKPE, Bassey. The Intelligence Assets of the United Nations: sources, methods, and implications. International Journal Of Intelligence And Counterintelligence, v. 20, n. 3, p. 377-400, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701249709

ERIKSSON, Pär. Intelligence in peacekeeping operations. International Journal Of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, v. 10, n. 1, p. 1-18, mar. 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609708435331

HARTHCOCK, Clyde. Peace Operations from an Intelligence Perspective. Army War College Carlisle Barracks, PA, 1999.

JOHNSON, Loch. Evaluating “Humint”: the role of foreign agents in US security. Comparative Strategy, v. 29, n. 4, p. 308-332, oct. 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2010.509635

JOHNSTON, Paul. No cloak and dagger required: intelligence support to un peacekeeping. Intelligence and National Security, v. 12, n. 4, p. 102-112, out. 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432450

KUELE, Giovanna. Atividade de Inteligência em Operações de Paz da ONU: rumo à institucionalização? 2014. 80 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) – Curso de Relações Internacionais, Ciências Econômicas. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 2014.

KUELE, Giovanna; CEPIK, Marco. Inteligência em Operações de Paz da ONU (1945-2000). Carta Internacional, v. 10, n. 1, p. 21-38, 15 abr. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21530/ci.v10n1.2015.178

LANUBILE, Luca. The Intelligence Gathering Activity in Peace Support Operations. Marine Corps Command and Staff Coll Quantico VA, 2010.

ORGANIZAÇÃO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS (ONU). United Nations Peacekeeping Operations: principles and guidelines. Nova York: Department of Peacekeeping Operations, 2008.

ORGANIZAÇÃO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS (ONU). UN Peacekeeping Operations. Department of Peacekeeping Operations, 2022. Disponível em: https://peacekeeping.un.org. Acesso em: 30 abr. 2023.

SANO, John. The Changing Shape of HUMINT. Intelligencer Journal, Washington, v. 21, n. 3, p. 77-80, jan. 2015.

SHETLER-JONES, Philip. Intelligence in Integrated UN Peacekeeping Missions: the joint mission analysis centre. International Peacekeeping, v. 15, n. 4, p. 517-527, ago. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13533310802239741

SMITH, Hugh. Intelligence and UN Peacekeeping. Survival, v. 36, n. 3, p. 174-192, set. 1994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00396339408442755

TSANG, Steve (ed.). Intelligence and Human Rights in the Era of Global Terrorism. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008. 240 p.

Published

2023-10-26

How to Cite

Augusto da Silva, Filipe, and Rafael Rodrigo da Silva. 2023. “Use of Human Intelligence (humanit) in Peace Operations: Opportunities and Challenges”. Brazilian Journal of Intelligence, no. 18 (October). Brasília, Brasil:53-68. https://doi.org/10.58960/rbi.2023.18.225.